{"id":60,"date":"2026-06-04T08:51:43","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T08:51:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dispersingagent.net\/?p=60"},"modified":"2026-06-04T08:52:22","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T08:52:22","slug":"dispergacni-cinidlo-rozdil-mezi-kvalitni-zakladovou-smesi-a-takovou-ktera-vam-dela-potize-na-kazdem-kroku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dispersingagent.net\/cs\/dispersing-agent-the-difference-between-a-good-millbase-and-one-that-fights-you-every-step\/","title":{"rendered":"Disperga\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidlo: Rozd\u00edl mezi kvalitn\u00ed z\u00e1kladovou sm\u011bs\u00ed a takovou, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1m d\u011bl\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017ee na ka\u017ed\u00e9m kroku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"auto\">Po v\u00edce ne\u017e dvaceti p\u011bti letech prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed disperzn\u00edch zkou\u0161ek a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f s v\u00fdrobn\u00edmi \u0161ar\u017eemi jsem se nau\u010dil, \u017ee o kvalit\u011b fin\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1t\u011bru se \u010dasto rozhoduje b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch t\u0159iceti minut mlet\u00ed z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 sm\u011bsi. Pokud se pigmenty a plniva od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku spr\u00e1vn\u011b nedisperguj\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete str\u00e1vit zbytek dne \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm v\u00fdkyv\u016f viskozity, \u0161patn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje barvy nebo usazov\u00e1n\u00ed v n\u00e1dob\u011b. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ednos disperga\u010dn\u00edch \u010dinidel. Nejen\u017ee urychluj\u00ed sm\u00e1\u010den\u00ed pigment\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice odd\u011blen\u00e9, tak\u017ee cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stabiln\u00ed b\u011bhem v\u00fdroby, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed i nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Disperga\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidlo p\u016fsob\u00ed tak, \u017ee se adsorbuje na povrch pigmentu a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed bari\u00e9ru, kter\u00e1 zabra\u0148uje op\u011btovn\u00e9mu shlukov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve vodou \u0159editeln\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech se \u010dasto jedn\u00e1 o elektrostatick\u00e9 odpuzov\u00e1n\u00ed nabit\u00fdch skupin (jako jsou karboxyl\u00e1ty na polyakryl\u00e1tech). V syst\u00e9mech na b\u00e1zi rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel nebo s vysok\u00fdm obsahem pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek hraje obvykle d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli sterick\u00e1 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 dlouh\u00fdmi polymern\u00edmi \u0159et\u011bzci. N\u011bkter\u00e1 modern\u00ed polymern\u00ed disperga\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidla kombinuj\u00ed oba mechanismy. V\u00fdsledkem je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed viskozita p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm obsahu pigmentu, krat\u0161\u00ed doba mlet\u00ed, lep\u0161\u00ed barevn\u00e1 s\u00edla a men\u0161\u00ed usazov\u00e1n\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Dodnes si pamatuji jeden projekt s architektonick\u00fdmi barvami na vodn\u00ed b\u00e1zi, kde byl ten rozd\u00edl opravdu dramatick\u00fd. Do akryl\u00e1tov\u00e9ho emulzn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu jsme dispergovali standardn\u00ed rutilov\u00fd TiO\u2082 (20 % PVC) spolu s \u010derven\u00fdm organick\u00fdm pigmentem. Bez jak\u00e9hokoli disperg\u00e1toru vzrostla viskozita mlet\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu b\u011bhem deseti minut vysokorychlostn\u00ed disperze nad 8 000 mPa\u00b7s, hodnota Hegmanova mlet\u00ed nikdy neklesla pod 4 a po t\u0159ech dnech se \u010derven\u00fd pigment za\u010dal vzn\u00e1\u0161et a shlukovat. Intenzita barvy byla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 15 % ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e c\u00edlov\u00e1 hodnota a lesk pod \u00fahlem 60\u00b0 na zaschl\u00e9m filmu \u010dinil pouze 42 jednotek.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Pot\u00e9 jsme provedli test stejn\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed se t\u0159emi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi disperga\u010dn\u00edmi \u010dinidly v pom\u011bru 1,2 % aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky k hmotnosti pigmentu:<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>U b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho polyakryl\u00e1tu amonn\u00e9ho byla po dispergaci nam\u011b\u0159ena viskozita 3200 mPa\u00b7s, hodnota Hegman 6,5 a po 30 dnech skladov\u00e1n\u00ed byla barva stabiln\u00ed (Delta E &lt; 0,8). Lesk se zv\u00fd\u0161il na 58 jednotek.<\/li>\n<li>Polyuretanov\u00e9 disperga\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidlo s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed molekulovou hmotnost\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eilo viskozitu d\u00e1le na 2100 mPa\u00b7s, dos\u00e1hlo hodnoty Hegman 7 a zajistilo nejlep\u0161\u00ed barevnou s\u00edlu (+12 jednotek % oproti kontroln\u00edmu vzorku). Po 30 dnech \u010dinila hodnota Delta E pouze 0,4 a lesk se udr\u017eel na 61 jednotk\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li>Disperga\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edek na b\u00e1zi fosf\u00e1tu vykazoval dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky z hlediska viskozity (2400 mPa\u00b7s), av\u0161ak projevila se u n\u011bj m\u00edrn\u00e1 nekompatibilita s akrylov\u00fdm pojivem \u2013 na nanesen\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch jsme zaznamenali vznik mikrokrat\u00e9r\u016f a pokles lesku o 4 jednotky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">V tomto projektu zv\u00edt\u011bzila polyuretanov\u00e1 varianta, proto\u017ee poskytovala nejlep\u0161\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu mezi n\u00edzkou viskozitou, rychl\u00fdm rozptylem a dlouhodobou stabilitou bez ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f na film. Po optimalizaci d\u00e1vkovac\u00ed k\u0159ivky jsme ji nakonec pou\u017eili v koncentraci 0,9 % \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. V z\u00e1vod\u011b tak\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee mohou zv\u00fd\u0161it obsah TiO\u2082 o 8 % bez probl\u00e9m\u016f s viskozitou, co\u017e zlep\u0161ilo kryc\u00ed schopnost a sn\u00ed\u017eilo celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na recepturu.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Tento pokus mi p\u0159inesl n\u011bkolik praktick\u00fdch poznatk\u016f. Za prv\u00e9, d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed hraje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed roli, ne\u017e by v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed \u010dekala. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed a pozd\u011bji dojde k flokulaci; p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee naopak op\u011bt zv\u00fd\u0161it viskozitu nebo zhor\u0161it odolnost proti vod\u011b. V\u017edy prov\u00e1d\u00edm s\u00e9rii test\u016f s obsahem % v rozmez\u00ed od 0,5 do 2,5 na pigmentu a sleduji jak mlec\u00ed k\u0159ivku, tak skladovac\u00ed stabilitu.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Za druh\u00e9, chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed mus\u00ed odpov\u00eddat dan\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu. Polyakryl\u00e1ty jsou levn\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 v mnoha dekorativn\u00edch barv\u00e1ch na vodn\u00ed b\u00e1zi, mohou v\u0161ak b\u00fdt citliv\u00e9 na elektrolyty a kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed pH. Polymern\u00ed disperg\u00e1tory (polyuretanov\u00e9 nebo polyetherov\u00e9 typy) jsou dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ale poskytuj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky u obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch organick\u00fdch pigment\u016f a v syst\u00e9mech, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed vysok\u00fd lesk nebo dobrou odolnost v exteri\u00e9ru. V alkydov\u00fdch nebo epoxidov\u00fdch barv\u00e1ch na b\u00e1zi rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji sah\u00e1m po typech na b\u00e1zi mastn\u00fdch kyselin nebo modifikovan\u00fdch akrylov\u00fdch typech.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Za t\u0159et\u00ed, skute\u010dnou zkou\u0161kou nen\u00ed nikdy jen po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed mlet\u00ed. V\u017edy kontroluji viskozitu po 24 hodin\u00e1ch a po jednom t\u00fddnu, prov\u00e1d\u00edm test ot\u011bru pro posouzen\u00ed p\u0159ijatelnosti barvy a prov\u00e1d\u00edm zrychlen\u00e9 skladov\u00e1n\u00ed (50 \u00b0C po dobu dvou t\u00fddn\u016f), abych zjistil, zda se objev\u00ed flokulace nebo rozte\u010den\u00ed. Mnoho \u201cdobr\u00fdch\u201d laboratorn\u00edch \u0161ar\u017e\u00ed v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi sel\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Zku\u0161enosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed se projev\u00ed zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu pigmentu nebo p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b dispergovateln\u00fdmi pigmenty, jako jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 ftalocyaniny \u010di saze. V r\u00e1mci jednoho projektu v\u00fdvoje tiskov\u00fdch barev n\u00e1m p\u0159echod na polymern\u00ed disperga\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidlo vyvinut\u00e9 na m\u00edru umo\u017enil zv\u00fd\u0161it obsah saz\u00ed z 12 % na 18 % p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed viskozity pod 1500 mPa\u00b7s. Tato jedin\u00e1 zm\u011bna zlep\u0161ila kryc\u00ed schopnost a sn\u00ed\u017eila po\u010det pr\u016fchod\u016f perlov\u00fdm ml\u00fdnem ze \u010dty\u0159 na dva.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Disperga\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidla samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nejsou v\u0161el\u00e9kem. Nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed \u0161patnou kvalitu pigmentu, nevhodn\u00e1 mlec\u00ed m\u00e9dia ani nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 smykov\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Nav\u00edc zvy\u0161uj\u00ed n\u00e1klady a p\u0159i volb\u011b nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho typu mohou n\u011bkdy ovlivnit i dal\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti \u2013 p\u011bnivost, odolnost proti vod\u011b nebo p\u0159ilnavost mezi vrstvami.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Nakonec je v\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho disperga\u010dn\u00edho \u010dinidla st\u00e1le jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed receptury \u010din\u00edte. Pokud funguje, z\u00edsk\u00e1te rychlej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobu, konzistentn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161ar\u017ee, lep\u0161\u00ed barvu a m\u00e9n\u011b st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed od z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. Pokud nefunguje, budete se ka\u017ed\u00fd den pot\u00fdkat s probl\u00e9mem mlet\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ty z\u00e1vody, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011br disperga\u010dn\u00edho \u010dinidla berou jako seri\u00f3zn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci na receptu\u0159e \u2013 prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed testy a m\u011b\u0159\u00ed, co se skute\u010dn\u011b d\u011bje po skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a aplikaci \u2013, jsou ty, kter\u00e9 p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my a za\u010dnou d\u016fsledn\u011b plnit c\u00edle.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After more than twenty-five years running dispersion trials and troubleshooting production batches, I\u2019ve learned that the quality of the final coating often gets decided in the first thirty minutes of the millbase. If the pigments and fillers don\u2019t disperse properly right from the start, you can spend the rest of the day chasing viscosity spikes, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dispersingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dispersingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dispersingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dispersingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dispersingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dispersingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64,"href":"https:\/\/dispersingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60\/revisions\/64"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dispersingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dispersingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dispersingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}